Biodiversity and conservation class 12 Part 5

In situ conservation 🙁 on-site conservation)

This approach involves protection of species in their natural habitat :-

These are the regions of high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism.
Endemic specis are species confined only to a limited regions.
There are 34 hot spots in the world.
In india, the three hot spots are western ghats, and sri lanka, indo Burma and Himalayas.
These reduce mass extinction by 30%.

India has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks and 448 wildlife sanctuaries.
Jim Corbett national park was the first to be established in india.

These are forest patches set aside for worship. All the trees and wildlife within are given to total protection by tribal people.
Large no. of rare and threatened plants can be found in these regions.

Some of the sacred groves in india are as follows :-

a. Khasi and Jaintia hills in Meghalayas.

b. Weastern Ghats regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra.

c. Aravalli hills of Rajasthan.

d. Sarguja, Chanda and bestar areas of madhya Pradesh.

This approach involves placing threatened animals and plants in special care units for their protection.
India has 35 botanical gardens and 275 zoological parks where animals which have become extinct in wild are maintained.
By using cryopreservation (preservation at -196 C) technique, s stored. terms, eggs, animals cells, tissues and embryos can be stored.
For long period in genes banks, seed banks, etc.
Plants are propagated in vitro using tissue culture methods (micropropagation).
It is the desirable approach when urgent measures to save extinction are required.

In situ Conservation	Ex-situ Conservation
It means conservation of biodiversity on site.	It means conservation of biodiversity from their site of occurrence.
Protected areas are the sanctuaries and national parks.	Artificial conditions are created to make their habitat almost like a natural habitat.
It aims to enable biodiversity to maintain itself within the context of the ecosystem.	It involves the maintenance of genetic variation (Genetic Conservation) away from its original location
It helps in the multiplication of the species through the process of evolution and adaptation.	This method will enhance the probability of reproductive success for endangered species.
It maintained the ecological integrity.	It creates artificial natural habitat for endangered species and also protect the species from the external threat like predation and poaching.
It provides greater mobility to the animal species because of large habitat area.	It provides less mobility to the organism because of small habitat area
Example- National parks, biosphere reserves, parks, sanctuaries.	Example- Zoo, aquarium, seed banks

The earth summit was held in rio de janeiro in 1992, which called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and stabilization of its benefits.
The world summit on sustainable development was held in johannesburg, south Africa in 2002 in which 190 countries pledged to reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels by 2020.