Activation of amino acids

• Amino acid activation refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its Transfer RNA (tRNA).
• Aminoacids are present in the cytoplasm and they are activated in the presence of ATP by Aminoacety RNA synthetase enzyme. This process in known as aminoacylation.
• High energy bond will be form between aminoacids and t-RNA. This energy is given in the form of ATP. Stability of bond is less which can be easily broken.
• Once the aminoacylation is done it is said to be’aa-t-RNA or charged t-RNA.

INITIATION

• The ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. The first t-RNA is attached at the start codon.
• The process of initiation begins when m-RNA attaches itself with smaller subunit of ribosomes large subunit of ribosome has two subsequent site P-site and A – site.
• At P-site the complementary t-RNA complex read the code of m-RNA and established temporary hydrogen bond with it.

ELONGATION

• The tRNA transfers an amino acid to the tRNA corresponding to the next codon. The ribosome then moves (translocates) to the next mRNA codon to continue the process, creating an amino acid chain.
• it’s the addition of amino acids by the formation of peptide bonds. Elongation is just what it sounds like: a chain of amino acids grows longer and longer as more amino acids are added on. This will eventually create the polypeptide.