What is genetics?
The study of heredity, or how the characteristics of living things are transmitted from one generation to the next.
What is Heredity?
Heredity is a process of transmission of traits from parents to their offspring’s either via asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. These characteristics or traits are located on the chromosomes in the form of genes.
What is Variations?
Individual of same species have some differences is known as variations.
An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome).
For example:- Humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total).
Sex chromosomes
It helps to determine sex . In humans, only 1 pair of sex chromosomes exists .
Genes are found on structures called chromosomes, long pieces of DNA wound up around protein.
Each chromosome contains many, many genes. And a specific gene, such as the gene for eye color, is at the same location on the same chromosome in every person.
The different possible versions of the genes are called alleles.
ALLELES:- An allele is one of the possible forms of gene. Most genes have two alleles, a dominant allele and a recessive allele.
Homologous chromosomes
A homologous pair is a pair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined to together at the centromere. The have the exact same gene – although may have different alleles of these genes.
Heterologous chromosomes
– Differ in shape, size or function
– Do not belong to the same pair